Manastir (today Bitola) was the capital city of Vilayet of Monastir in the European part of the Ottoman Empire. It was quite a diverse city in terms of religion and ethnicity. It was among the largest cities in the region with around 50,000 inhabitants and attracted people from other places to work and live there. During the late Ottoman period, the city became modernized in many aspects such are architecture, education, clothing, and transportation. In addition to state schools, many foreign schools were opened, which were attended by students from different communities. Education levels and literacy inc-reased, which impacted the creation of a circle of intellectuals in Monastir. The army hea-dquarters of the third military regiments were located in the city, as well as an established military academy. In 1894, Monastir was directly connected by railway with Thessaloniki, and through this was also connected to Istanbul and other European lines. Several houses with modern architecture were built in the city, many of which still stand today. In addition to the state printing house, private printing houses were opened that impacted the incre-ase in the number publications such as books and newspapers. Photograph studios also offered services to the peoples of Monastir, and one can learn more about the residents’ clothing styles through these images. In 1911, Sultan Mehmed V Reşâd visited the city, and this visit was filmed. The city also had telegraph services. Being a strong trade center, Mo-nastir had consulates from great European Powers and Balkan states, and more is known about the history of this city through these consuls’ reports. The city at this time ëas adop-ting a Western way of life, and this was quite visible in public life.