Three ethnic groups live in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ethnic identity is the mainstay of these groups, and these identities have been shaped largely by their religious preferences within the historical process. The influence on the forma-tion of these identities from what had happened at historical turning points should not be ignored. Factors such as the effects from the exclusion experienced by the Bogomils who had the dominant position regarding land ownership during the Ot-toman period as well as the Austro-Hungarian administration’s emphasis on the Bosnian identity in order to govern Bosnia more easily were also effective in the construction of the Bosniaks’ identity. The concept of identity can also be used as a way out in times of social crisis and has an important place in the tradition of sym-bolic interactionism as led by Mead. According to this tradition, identity is seen as a social product of humans, their environment, and their relationships. Therefore, identity is a sociologically constructed phenomenon rather than a natural concept. As no essential truth of identity exists, almost all identities are a product of const-ruction arising from the relations between individuals and groups. All the changes that Bosnians experienced have paved the way for differentiations that are effective in constructing an identity. The aim of this article is to interpret the historical pro-cess of Bosnians since the Middle Ages and the differentiations experienced in this process using a sociological understanding that views identity as a construction process arising from the reflections of human relations.