Starting in Western Europe and changing cultural, socioeconomic and political systems around the world, modernization has also caused many changes and re-forms in the Ottoman Empire. During the Tanzimat period, which is described as Ottoman modernization, the effects of modernization have penetrated into po-litical, economic, social and cultural areas. Modernization, which caused major changes in European cities and cultural life, has also had an effect in Ottoman cities, causing various transformations in the physical structure of cities and da-ily life. The events experienced in the modernization process in Sarajevo have affected the course of the transformative effects of modernization. The effects of modernization, which first started under Ottoman rule after the Tanzimat, were mostly manifested with the emergence of a new administrative system, institu-tions and services, while the physical structure of houses and daily life were not affected by this process. However, the modernization that can be described as the second period modernization of Sarajevo took place under the Austro-Hun-garian rule. Compared to the first period modernization of Sarajevo under Ot-toman rule, the Habsburg rule brought European culture and modernization experiences to the country. Modernization began within the Ottoman State and Islamic cultural structure and continued under non-Muslim rule and European culture. These different political and cultural structures affected the nature and structure of the modernization process in Sarajevo. The differentiation of the cultural life of the society living in Sarajevo in terms of modernization differed in these two periods.